Memory Management in C++ - New and Delete Operators

Memory management is a crucial aspect of C++ programming, especially when dealing with dynamic data structures like pointers and objects. The `new` and `delete` operators are used to allocate and deallocate memory dynamically. In this guide, we'll explore the basics of memory management in C++.

The New Operator

The `new` operator is used to allocate memory dynamically on the heap. It returns a pointer to the allocated memory. Here's how to use it:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    int* dynamicInt = new int; // Allocate memory for an integer
    *dynamicInt = 42; // Assign a value
    cout << "Dynamic integer: " << *dynamicInt << endl;
    delete dynamicInt; // Deallocate memory
    return 0;
}
    

In this example, we use `new` to allocate memory for an integer, assign a value, and then use `delete` to release the memory.

The Delete Operator

The `delete` operator is used to deallocate memory previously allocated with `new`. Failing to deallocate memory can lead to memory leaks. Here's how to use it:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    int* dynamicArray = new int[5]; // Allocate an array of integers
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        dynamicArray[i] = i * 10;
    }
    cout << "Dynamic array: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        cout << dynamicArray[i] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    delete[] dynamicArray; // Deallocate the array
    return 0;
}
    

In this example, we allocate an array of integers with `new[]`, populate it with values, and then use `delete[]` to release the memory.

Memory Leaks

Memory leaks occur when allocated memory is not properly deallocated. It can lead to inefficient use of memory. Always use `delete` or `delete[]` to free memory when it's no longer needed.

Conclusion

Effective memory management is essential in C++ programming. The `new` and `delete` operators allow you to allocate and deallocate memory dynamically. As you continue your C++ journey, you'll explore more advanced memory management techniques and best practices.