Project Introduction

The Online Auction System is a dynamic web-based platform designed to facilitate the buying and selling of goods through an auction format. This system aims to connect sellers and buyers in a virtual marketplace, allowing users to bid on items in real-time. With the growing popularity of online shopping and the need for efficient auction processes, the Online Auction System addresses these demands by providing a user-friendly interface and robust functionalities for both bidders and sellers.

The platform features a secure registration process, item listing capabilities, and real-time bidding functionalities. Users can easily browse available items, place bids, and receive notifications about auction status. Additionally, the system includes payment processing and feedback mechanisms to enhance user trust and satisfaction. By automating the auction process, the Online Auction System aims to create a seamless and engaging experience for all participants.

Project Objectives

• To develop an intuitive interface for users to register, list items, and participate in auctions.
• To implement real-time bidding functionalities to enhance user engagement.
• To provide secure payment processing options for completed transactions.
• To enable sellers to manage their listings and track auction performance.
• To facilitate user communication through messaging and notification systems.
• To generate reports on auction outcomes, user activity, and item popularity.
• To ensure data security and privacy for all user information and transactions.
• To enhance user experience through features like bidding history and item watchlists.

Project Modules

User Management Module

• User Registration/Login: Allow users (buyers, sellers, and administrators) to create accounts and log in securely, often with options for social media or email authentication.
• Role Management: Differentiate between user roles (e.g., buyer, seller, admin) with varying permissions and access levels.
• Profile Management: Enable users to manage their profiles, including personal information, payment details, and auction history.

Item Management Module

• Item Listing: Allow sellers to create and manage listings for items they want to auction, including descriptions, images, starting bids, and auction duration.
• Category Management: Organize items into categories for easier browsing and searching.
• Item Status Tracking: Track the status of items (e.g., active, sold, unsold) throughout the auction process.

Bidding Module

• Bid Placement: Allow buyers to place bids on items, including options for maximum bids (proxy bidding).
• Bid History: Display a history of bids placed on each item, including timestamps and bid amounts.
• Real-Time Updates: Provide real-time updates on current bid amounts and remaining time for auctions.

Payment Processing Module

• Payment Gateway Integration: Integrate with payment gateways for secure online transactions (e.g., credit/debit cards, PayPal).
• Transaction Management: Manage financial transactions related to winning bids, including payment processing and invoicing.
• Refund Management: Handle refunds for canceled auctions or disputes.

Auction Management Module

• Auction Creation: Allow sellers to create auctions with specific start and end times, reserve prices, and bidding increments.
• Auction Types: Support different types of auctions (e.g., English auction, Dutch auction, sealed-bid auction).
• Auction Notifications: Send notifications to users about upcoming auctions, bid status changes, and auction results.

Search and Filter Module

• Search Functionality: Provide a search bar for users to find items based on keywords, categories, and other criteria.
• Advanced Filtering: Allow users to filter search results based on parameters such as price range, auction status, and item condition.

Reporting and Analytics Module

• Auction Reports: Generate reports on auction performance, including total sales, number of bids, and user engagement.
• User Analytics: Track user activity, including bidding patterns, item views, and transaction history.
• Market Trends: Analyze trends in auction items, pricing, and buyer behavior.

Feedback and Rating Module

• User Ratings: Allow buyers and sellers to rate each other after transactions, providing feedback on their experiences.
• Review System: Enable users to leave reviews for items and sellers, helping to build trust within the community.

Communication Module

• Internal Messaging: Facilitate communication between buyers and sellers regarding item details, shipping, and other inquiries.
• Notifications: Send alerts for important events, such as outbid notifications, auction reminders, and new item listings.

Security and Access Control Module

• Data Security: Ensure that sensitive user data and financial information are stored securely.
• Access Control: Manage access to different modules and features based on user roles.

Admin Dashboard Module

• Dashboard Overview: Provide administrators with an overview of auction activities, user registrations, and financial metrics.
• Management Tools: Allow admins to manage users, items, and auctions, including the ability to edit or remove listings.

Project Tables Queries

-- Create Users Table
CREATE TABLE Users (
    UserId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
    Username NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    PasswordHash NVARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
    Email NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    FirstName NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    LastName NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    RoleId INT NOT NULL,
    CreatedAt DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE(),
    UpdatedAt DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE(),
    FOREIGN KEY (RoleId) REFERENCES Roles(RoleId)
);
-- Create Roles Table
CREATE TABLE Roles (
    RoleId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
    RoleName NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    CreatedAt DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE(),
    UpdatedAt DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE()
);
-- Create Items Table
CREATE TABLE Items (
    ItemId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
    ItemName NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    Description NVARCHAR(MAX),
    StartingPrice DECIMAL(18, 2) NOT NULL,
    AuctionId INT NOT NULL,
    CreatedBy INT NOT NULL,
    CreatedAt DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE(),
    UpdatedAt DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE(),
    FOREIGN KEY (AuctionId) REFERENCES Auctions(AuctionId),
    FOREIGN KEY (CreatedBy) REFERENCES Users(UserId)
);
-- Create Bids Table
CREATE TABLE Bids (
    BidId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
    ItemId INT NOT NULL,
    UserId INT NOT NULL,
    BidAmount DECIMAL(18, 2) NOT NULL,
    BidTime DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE(),
    FOREIGN KEY (ItemId) REFERENCES Items(ItemId),
    FOREIGN KEY (User Id) REFERENCES Users(UserId)
);
-- Create Payments Table
CREATE TABLE Payments (
    PaymentId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
    UserId INT NOT NULL,
    ItemId INT NOT NULL,
    PaymentAmount DECIMAL(18, 2) NOT NULL,
    PaymentDate DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE(),
    PaymentStatus NVARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, -- e.g., Completed, Pending, Failed
    FOREIGN KEY (User Id) REFERENCES Users(UserId),
    FOREIGN KEY (ItemId) REFERENCES Items(ItemId)
);
-- Create Auctions Table
CREATE TABLE Auctions (
    AuctionId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
    AuctionTitle NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    AuctionTypeId INT NOT NULL,
    StartDate DATETIME NOT NULL,
    EndDate DATETIME NOT NULL,
    CreatedAt DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE(),
    UpdatedAt DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE(),
    FOREIGN KEY (AuctionTypeId) REFERENCES AuctionTypes(AuctionTypeId)
);
-- Create AuctionTypes Table
CREATE TABLE AuctionTypes (
    AuctionTypeId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
    TypeName NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    CreatedAt DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE(),
    UpdatedAt DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE()
);
-- Create Reports Table
CREATE TABLE Reports (
    ReportId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
    UserId INT NOT NULL,
    ReportDate DATETIME NOT NULL,
    ReportContent NVARCHAR(MAX),
    CreatedAt DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE(),
    FOREIGN KEY (User Id) REFERENCES Users(UserId)
);
-- Create Feedback Table
CREATE TABLE Feedback (
    FeedbackId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
    UserId INT NOT NULL,
    FeedbackContent NVARCHAR(MAX) NOT NULL,
    CreatedAt DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE(),
    FOREIGN KEY (User Id) REFERENCES Users(UserId)
);
-- Create Notifications Table
CREATE TABLE Notifications (
    NotificationId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
    UserId INT NOT NULL,
    Message NVARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    IsRead BIT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    CreatedAt DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE(),
    FOREIGN KEY (User Id) REFERENCES Users(UserId)
);

Explanation of Tables

Users: Stores user information, including their role.

Roles: Defines different roles (e.g., Admin, Bidder) in the system.

Items: Contains details about auction items, including their starting price and associated auction.

Bids: Records bids placed by users on auction items.

Payments: Manages payment transactions for items won in auctions.

Auctions: Stores information about auctions, including their type and duration.

AuctionTypes: Defines different types of auctions (e.g., English, Dutch).

Reports: Allows users to generate reports related to their auction activities.

Feedback: Collects user feedback on the auction system.

Notifications: Stores notifications for users regarding bids, auction updates, and other relevant information.

To create the models and migrations for the provided SQL schema in Laravel 11, you can follow these steps.

Below, I will provide the migration files and the corresponding Eloquent model classes for each table.

Step 1: Create Migrations

You can create migrations using the Artisan command line tool. For each table, you will create a migration file. Here are the migration files based on your SQL schema:

1. Create Users Table Migration

database/migrations/2023_10_01_000001_create_users_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
class CreateUsersTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id('user_id');
            $table->string('username', 50)->unique();
            $table->string('password_hash', 256);
            $table->string('email', 100)->unique();
            $table->string('first_name', 50);
            $table->string('last_name', 50);
            $table->foreignId('role_id')->constrained('roles');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('users');
    }
}

2. Create Roles Table Migration

database/migrations/2023_10_01_000002_create_roles_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
class CreateRolesTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('roles', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id('role_id');
            $table->string('role_name', 50)->unique();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('roles');
    }
}

3. Create Items Table Migration

database/migrations/2023_10_01_000003_create_items_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
class CreateItemsTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('items', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id('item_id');
            $table->string('item_name', 100);
            $table->text('description')->nullable();
            $table->decimal('starting_price', 18, 2);
            $table->foreignId('auction_id')->constrained('auctions');
            $table->foreignId('created_by')->constrained('users');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('items');
    }
}

4. Create Bids Table Migration

database/migrations/2023_10_01_000004_create_bids_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
class CreateBidsTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('bids', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id('bid_id');
            $table->foreignId('item_id')->constrained('items');
            $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained('users');
            $table->decimal('bid_amount', 18, 2);
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('bids');
    }
}

5. Create Payments Table Migration

database/migrations/2023_10_01_000005_create_payments_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
class CreatePaymentsTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('payments', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id('payment_id');
            $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained('users');
            $table->foreignId('item_id')->constrained('items');
            $table->decimal('payment_amount', 18, 2);
            $table->string('payment_status', 20);
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('payments');
    }
}

6. Create Auctions Table Migration

database/migrations/2023_10_01_000006_create_auctions_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
class CreateAuctionsTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('auctions', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id('auction_id');
            $table->string('auction_title', 100);
            $table->foreignId('auction_type_id')->constrained('auction_types');
            $table->dateTime('start_date');
            $table->dateTime('end_date');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('auctions');
    }
}

7. Create AuctionTypes Table Migration

database/migrations/2023_10_01_000007_create_auction_types_table.php

    use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
    use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
    class CreateAuctionTypesTable extends Migration
    {
        public function up()
        {
            Schema::create('auction_types', function (Blueprint $table) {
                $table->id('auction_type_id');
                $table->string('type_name', 50)->unique();
                $table->timestamps();
            });
        }
        public function down()
        {
            Schema::dropIfExists('auction_types');
        }
    }

8. Create Reports Table Migration

database/migrations/2023_10_01_000008_create_reports_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
class CreateReportsTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('reports', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id('report_id');
            $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained('users');
            $table->dateTime('report_date');
            $table->text('report_content')->nullable();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('reports');
    }
}

9. Create Feedback Table Migration

database/migrations/2023_10_01_000009_create_feedback_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
class CreateFeedbackTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('feedback', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id('feedback_id');
            $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained('users');
            $table->text('feedback_content');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('feedback');
    }
}

10. Create Notifications Table Migration

database/migrations/2023_10_01_000010_create_notifications_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
class CreateNotificationsTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('notifications', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id('notification_id');
            $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained('users');
            $table->string('message', 255);
            $table->boolean('is_read')->default(false);
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('notifications');
    }
}

Step 2: Create Models

Now, create the corresponding Eloquent models for each table. Here are the model classes:

1. User Model

// app/Models/User.php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class User extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    protected $table = 'users';
    protected $primaryKey = 'user_id';
    protected $fillable = ['username', 'password_hash', 'email', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'role_id'];
}

2. Role Model

// app/Models/Role.php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Role extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    protected $table = 'roles';
    protected $primaryKey = 'role_id';
    protected $fillable = ['role_name'];
}

3. Item Model

// app/Models/Item.php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Item extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    protected $table = 'items';
    protected $primaryKey = 'item_id';
    protected $fillable = ['item_name', 'description', 'starting_price', 'auction_id', 'created_by'];
}

4. Bid Model

// app/Models/Bid.php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Bid extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    protected $table = 'bids';
    protected $primaryKey = 'bid_id';
    protected $fillable = ['item_id', 'user_id', 'bid_amount'];
}

5. Payment Model

// app/Models/Payment.php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Payment extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    protected $table = 'payments';
    protected $primaryKey = 'payment_id';
    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'item_id', 'payment_amount', 'payment_status'];
}

6. Auction Model

// app/Models/Auction.php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Auction extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    protected $table = 'auctions';
    protected $primaryKey = 'auction_id';
    protected $fillable = ['auction_title', 'auction_type_id', 'start_date', 'end_date'];
}

7. AuctionType Model

// app/Models/AuctionType.php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class AuctionType extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    protected $table = 'auction_types';
    protected $primaryKey = 'auction_type_id';
    protected $fillable = ['type_name'];
}

8. Report Model

// app/Models/Report.php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Report extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    protected $table = 'reports';
    protected $primaryKey = 'report_id';
    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'report_date', 'report_content'];
}

9. Feedback Model

// app/Models/Feedback.php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Feedback extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    protected $table = 'feedback';
    protected $primaryKey = 'feedback_id';
    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'feedback_content'];
}

10. Notification Model

// app/Models/Notification.php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Notification extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    protected $table = 'notifications';
    protected $primaryKey = 'notification_id';
    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'message', 'is_read'];
}

Step 3: Run Migrations

After creating the migration files and model classes, you can run the migrations using the following command:

    php artisan migrate    

This will create the tables in your database according to the defined schema. You can now use the models to interact with the database in your Laravel application.

To create controllers for each model with complete CRUD operations in Laravel, you can use the Artisan command line tool to generate the controllers.

Below, I will provide the code for each controller, including methods for creating, reading, updating, and deleting records.

Step 1: Generate Controllers

You can generate a controller for each model using the following command:

php artisan make:controller UserController --resource
php artisan make:controller RoleController --resource
php artisan make:controller ItemController --resource
php artisan make:controller BidController --resource
php artisan make:controller PaymentController --resource
php artisan make:controller AuctionController --resource
php artisan make:controller AuctionTypeController --resource
php artisan make:controller ReportController --resource
php artisan make:controller FeedbackController --resource
php artisan make:controller NotificationController --resource

Step 2: Implement CRUD Operations

Below are the implementations for each controller. Each controller will have methods for the following operations:

index: Display a listing of the resource.

create: Show the form for creating a new resource.

store: Store a newly created resource in storage.

show: Display the specified resource.

edit: Show the form for editing the specified resource.

update: Update the specified resource in storage.

destroy: Remove the specified resource from storage.

1. UserController

// app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $users = User::all();
        return view('users.index', compact('users'));
    }
    public function create()
    {
        return view('users.create');
    }
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'username' => 'required|unique:users|max:50',
            'password_hash' => 'required',
            'email' => 'required|email|unique:users|max:100',
            'first_name' => 'required|max:50',
            'last_name' => 'required|max:50',
            'role_id' => 'required|exists:roles,role_id',
        ]);
        User::create($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('users.index')->with('success', 'User  created successfully.');
    }
    public function show(User $user)
    {
        return view('users.show', compact('user'));
    }
    public function edit(User $user)
    {
        return view('users.edit', compact('user'));
    }
    public function update(Request $request, User $user)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'username' => 'required|max:50|unique:users,username,' . $user->user_id,
            'password_hash' => 'required',
            'email' => 'required|email|max:100|unique:users,email,' . $user->user_id,
            'first_name' => 'required|max:50',
            'last_name' => 'required|max:50',
            'role_id' => 'required|exists:roles,role_id',
        ]);
        $user->update($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('users.index')->with('success', 'User  updated successfully.');
    }
    public function destroy(User $user)
    {
        $user->delete();
        return redirect()->route('users.index')->with('success', 'User  deleted successfully.');
    }
}

2. RoleController

// app/Http/Controllers/RoleController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Models\Role;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class RoleController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $roles = Role::all();
        return view('roles.index', compact('roles'));
    }
    public function create()
    {
        return view('roles.create');
    }
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'role_name' => 'required|unique:roles|max:50',
        ]);
        Role::create($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('roles.index')->with('success', 'Role created successfully.');
    }
    public function show(Role $role)
    {
        return view('roles.show', compact('role'));
    }
    public function edit(Role $role)
    {
        return view('roles.edit', compact('role'));
    }
    public function update(Request $request, Role $role)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'role_name' => 'required|max:50|unique:roles,role_name,' . $role->role_id,
        ]);
        $role->update($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('roles.index')->with('success', 'Role updated successfully.');
    }
    public function destroy(Role $role)
    {
        $role->delete();
        return redirect()->route('roles.index')->with('success', 'Role deleted successfully.');
    }
}

3. ItemController

// app/Http/Controllers/ItemController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Models\Item;
use App\Models\Auction;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class ItemController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $items = Item::all();
        return view('items.index', compact('items'));
    }
    public function create()
    {
        $auctions = Auction::all();
        return view('items.create', compact('auctions'));
    }
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'item_name' => 'required|max:100',
            'description' => 'nullable',
            'starting_price' => 'required|numeric',
            'auction_id' => 'required|exists:auctions,auction_id',
            'created_by' => 'required|exists:users,user_id',
        ]);
        Item::create($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('items.index')->with('success', 'Item created successfully.');
    }
    public function show(Item $item)
    {
        return view('items.show', compact('item'));
    }
    public function edit(Item $item)
    {
        $auctions = Auction::all();
        return view('items.edit', compact('item', 'auctions'));
    }
    public function update(Request $request, Item $item)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'item_name' => 'required|max:100',
            'description' => 'nullable',
            'starting_price' => 'required|numeric',
            'auction_id' => 'required|exists:auctions,auction_id',
            'created_by' => 'required|exists:users,user_id',
        ]);
        $item->update($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('items.index')->with('success', 'Item updated successfully.');
    }
    public function destroy(Item $item)
    {
        $item->delete();
        return redirect()->route('items.index')->with('success', 'Item deleted successfully.');
    }
}

4. BidController

// app/Http/Controllers/BidController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Models\Bid;
use App\Models\Item;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class BidController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $bids = Bid::all();
        return view('bids.index', compact('bids'));
    }
    public function create()
    {
        $items = Item::all();
        $users = User::all();
        return view('bids.create', compact('items', 'users'));
    }
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'item_id' => 'required|exists:items,item_id',
            'user_id' => 'required|exists:users,user_id',
            'bid_amount' => 'required|numeric',
        ]);
        Bid::create($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('bids.index')->with('success', 'Bid created successfully.');
    }
    public function show(Bid $bid)
    {
        return view('bids.show', compact('bid'));
    }
    public function edit(Bid $bid)
    {
        $items = Item::all();
        $users = User::all();
        return view('bids.edit', compact('bid', 'items', 'users'));
    }
    public function update(Request $request, Bid $bid)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'item_id' => 'required|exists:items,item_id',
            'user_id' => 'required|exists:users,user_id',
            'bid_amount' => 'required|numeric',
        ]);
        $bid->update($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('bids.index')->with('success', 'Bid updated successfully.');
    }
    public function destroy(Bid $bid)
    {
        $bid->delete();
        return redirect()->route('bids.index')->with('success', 'Bid deleted successfully.');
    }
}

5. PaymentController

// app/Http/Controllers/PaymentController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Models\Payment;
use App\Models\Item;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class PaymentController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $payments = Payment::all();
        return view('payments.index', compact('payments'));
    }
    public function create()
    {
        $items = Item::all();
        $users = User::all();
        return view('payments.create', compact('items', 'users'));
    }
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'user_id' => 'required|exists:users,user_id',
            'item_id' => 'required|exists:items,item_id',
            'payment_amount' => 'required|numeric',
            'payment_status' => 'required|max:20',
        ]);
        Payment::create($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('payments.index')->with('success', 'Payment created successfully.');
    }
    public function show(Payment $payment)
    {
        return view('payments.show', compact('payment'));
    }    
    public function edit(Payment $payment)
    {
        $items = Item::all();
        $users = User::all();
        return view('payments.edit', compact('payment', 'items', 'users'));
    }
    public function update(Request $request, Payment $payment)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'user_id' => 'required|exists:users,user_id',
            'item_id' => 'required|exists:items,item_id',
            'payment_amount' => 'required|numeric',
            'payment_status' => 'required|max:20',
        ]);
        $payment->update($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('payments.index')->with('success', 'Payment updated successfully.');
    }
    public function destroy(Payment $payment)
    {
        $payment->delete();
        return redirect()->route('payments.index')->with('success', 'Payment deleted successfully.');
    }
}

6. AuctionController

// app/Http/Controllers/AuctionController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Models\Auction;
use App\Models\AuctionType;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class AuctionController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $auctions = Auction::all();
        return view('auctions.index', compact('auctions'));
    }
    public function create()
    {
        $auctionTypes = AuctionType::all();
        return view('auctions.create', compact('auctionTypes'));
    }
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'auction_title' => 'required|max:100',
            'auction_type_id' => 'required|exists:auction_types,auction_type_id',
            'start_date' => 'required|date',
            'end_date' => 'required|date|after:start_date',
        ]);
        Auction::create($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('auctions.index')->with('success', 'Auction created successfully.');
    }
    public function show(Auction $auction)
    {
        return view('auctions.show', compact('auction'));
    }
    public function edit(Auction $auction)
    {
        $auctionTypes = AuctionType::all();
        return view('auctions.edit', compact('auction', 'auctionTypes'));
    }
    public function update(Request $request, Auction $auction)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'auction_title' => 'required|max:100',
            'auction_type_id' => 'required|exists:auction_types,auction_type_id',
            'start_date' => 'required|date',
            'end_date' => 'required|date|after:start_date',
        ]);
        $auction->update($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('auctions.index')->with('success', 'Auction updated successfully.');
    }
    public function destroy(Auction $auction)
    {
        $auction->delete();
        return redirect()->route('auctions.index')->with('success', 'Auction deleted successfully.');
    }
}

7. AuctionTypeController

// app/Http/Controllers/AuctionTypeController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Models\AuctionType;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class AuctionTypeController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $auctionTypes = AuctionType::all();
        return view('auction_types.index', compact('auctionTypes'));
    }
    public function create()
    {
        return view('auction_types.create');
    }
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'type_name' => 'required|unique:auction_types|max:50',
        ]);
        AuctionType::create($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('auction_types.index')->with('success', 'Auction Type created successfully.');
    }
    public function show(AuctionType $auctionType)
    {
        return view('auction_types.show', compact('auctionType'));
    }
    public function edit(AuctionType $auctionType)
    {
        return view('auction_types.edit', compact('auctionType'));
    }
    public function update(Request $request, AuctionType $auctionType)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'type_name' => 'required|max:50|unique:auction_types,type_name,' . $auctionType->auction_type_id,
        ]);
        $auctionType->update($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('auction_types.index')->with('success', 'Auction Type updated successfully.');
    }
    public function destroy(AuctionType $auctionType)
    {
        $auctionType->delete();
        return redirect()->route('auction_types.index')->with('success', 'Auction Type deleted successfully.');
    }
}

8. ReportController

// app/Http/Controllers/ReportController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Models\Report;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class ReportController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $reports = Report::all();
        return view('reports.index', compact('reports'));
    }
    public function create()
    {
        $users = User::all();
        return view('reports.create', compact('users'));
    }
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'user_id' => 'required|exists:users,user_id',
            'report_date' => 'required|date',
            'report_content' => 'nullable',
        ]);
        Report::create($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('reports.index')->with('success', 'Report created successfully.');
    }
    public function show(Report $report)
    {
        return view('reports.show', compact('report'));
    }
    public function edit(Report $report)
    {
        $users = User::all();
        return view('reports.edit', compact('report', 'users'));
    }
    public function update(Request $request, Report $report)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'user_id' => 'required|exists:users,user_id',
            'report_date' => 'required|date',
            'report_content' => 'nullable',
        ]);
        $report->update($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('reports.index')->with('success', 'Report updated successfully.');
    }
    public function destroy(Report $report)
    {
        $report->delete();
        return redirect()->route('reports.index')->with('success', 'Report deleted successfully.');
    }
}

9. FeedbackController

// app/Http/Controllers/FeedbackController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Models\Feedback;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class FeedbackController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $feedbacks = Feedback::all();
        return view('feedback.index', compact('feedbacks'));
    }
    public function create()
    {
        $users = User::all();
        return view('feedback.create', compact('users'));
    }
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'user_id' => 'required|exists:users,user_id',
            'feedback_content' => 'required',
        ]);
        Feedback::create($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('feedback.index')->with('success', 'Feedback created successfully.');
    }
    public function show(Feedback $feedback)
    {
        return view('feedback.show', compact('feedback'));
    }
    public function edit(Feedback $feedback)
    {
        $users = User::all();
        return view('feedback.edit', compact('feedback', 'users'));
    }
    public function update(Request $request, Feedback $feedback)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'user_id' => 'required|exists:users,user_id',
            'feedback_content' => 'required',
        ]);
        $feedback->update($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('feedback.index')->with('success', 'Feedback updated successfully.');
    }
    public function destroy(Feedback $feedback)
    {
        $feedback->delete();
        return redirect()->route('feedback.index')->with('success', 'Feedback deleted successfully.');
    }
}

10. NotificationController

// app/Http/Controllers/NotificationController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Models\Notification;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class NotificationController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $notifications = Notification::all();
        return view('notifications.index', compact('notifications'));
    }
    public function create()
    {
        $users = User::all();
        return view('notifications.create', compact('users'));
    }
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'user_id' => 'required|exists:users,user_id',
            'message' => 'required|max:255',
            'is_read' => 'boolean',
        ]);
        Notification::create($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('notifications.index')->with('success', 'Notification created successfully.');
    }
    public function show(Notification $notification)
    {
        return view('notifications.show', compact('notification'));
    }
    public function edit(Notification $notification)
    {
        $users = User::all();
        return view('notifications.edit', compact('notification', 'users'));
    }
    public function update(Request $request, Notification $notification)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'user_id' => 'required|exists:users,user_id',
            'message' => 'required|max:255',
            'is_read' => 'boolean',
        ]);
        $notification->update($request->all());
        return redirect()->route('notifications.index')->with('success', 'Notification updated successfully.');
    }
    public function destroy(Notification $notification)
    {
        $notification->delete();
        return redirect()->route('notifications.index')->with('success', 'Notification deleted successfully.');
    }
}

Step 3: Define Routes

To make the controllers functional, you need to define the routes in your web.php file. Here's an example of how to set up the routes for each controller:

// routes/web.php
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
use App\Http\Controllers\RoleController;
use App\Http\Controllers\ItemController;
use App\Http\Controllers\BidController;
use App\Http\Controllers\PaymentController;
use App\Http\Controllers\AuctionController;
use App\Http\Controllers\AuctionTypeController;
use App\Http\Controllers\ReportController;
use App\Http\Controllers\FeedbackController;
use App\Http\Controllers\NotificationController;
Route::resource('users', UserController::class);
Route::resource('roles', RoleController::class);
Route::resource('items', ItemController::class);
Route::resource('bids', BidController::class);
Route::resource('payments', PaymentController::class);
Route::resource('auctions', AuctionController::class);
Route::resource('auction_types', AuctionTypeController::class);
Route::resource('reports', ReportController::class);
Route::resource('feedback', FeedbackController::class);
Route::resource('notifications', NotificationController::class);

Step 4: Create Views

You will also need to create views for each of the CRUD operations. The views should be placed in the resources/views directory, organized by model. For example, you can create folders like users, roles, items, etc., and create the necessary Blade files for each operation (index, create, edit, show).

Creating view files for each controller using Bootstrap 5 involves creating a set of Blade templates that will allow you to perform CRUD operations.

Below, I will provide example view files for each model. These views will include the necessary HTML structure and Bootstrap 5 classes for styling.

Directory Structure

First, create the following directory structure in your resources/views folder:

resources/views/
├── auctions/
│   ├── create.blade.php
│   ├── edit.blade.php
│   ├── index.blade.php
│   └── show.blade.php
├── auction_types/
│   ├── create.blade.php
│   ├── edit.blade.php
│   ├── index.blade.php
│   └── show.blade.php
├── bids/
│   ├── create.blade.php
│   ├── edit.blade.php
│   ├── index.blade.php
│   └── show.blade.php
├── feedback/
│   ├── create.blade.php
│   ├── edit.blade.php
│   ├── index.blade.php
│   └── show.blade.php
├── items/
│   ├── create.blade.php
│   ├── edit.blade.php
│   ├── index.blade.php
│   └── show.blade.php
├── notifications/
│   ├── create.blade.php
│   ├── edit.blade.php
│   ├── index.blade.php
│   └── show.blade.php
├── payments/
│   ├── create.blade.php
│   ├── edit.blade.php
│   ├── index.blade.php
│   └── show.blade.php
├── reports/
│   ├── create.blade.php
│   ├── edit.blade.php
│   ├── index.blade.php
│   └── show.blade.php
├── roles/
│   ├── create.blade.php
│   ├── edit.blade.php
│   ├── index.blade.php
│   └── show.blade.php
└── users/
    ├── create.blade.php
    ├── edit.blade.php
    ├── index.blade.php
    └── show.blade.php

1. Users

index.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Users</h1>
    <a href="{{ route('users.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary mb-3">Create User</a>
    <table class="table">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>User ID</th>
                <th>Username</th>
                <th>Email</th>
                <th>Actions</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            @foreach ($users as $user)
            <tr>
                <td>{{ $user->user_id }}</td>
                <td>{{ $user->username }}</td>
                <td>{{ $user->email }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="{{ route('users.show', $user) }}" class="btn btn-info">View</a>
                    <a href="{{ route('users.edit', $user) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
                    <form action="{{ route('users.destroy', $user) }}" method="POST" style="display:inline;">
                        @csrf
                        @method('DELETE')
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">Delete</button>
                    </form>
                </td>
            </tr>
            @endforeach
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
@endsection

create.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Create User</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('users.store') }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="username" class="form-label">Username</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" name="username" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="password_hash" class="form-label">Password</label>
            <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password_hash" name="password_hash" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="email" class="form-label">Email</label>
            <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" name="email" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="first_name" class="form-label">First Name</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="first_name" name="first_name" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="last_name" class="form-label">Last Name</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id ="last_name" name="last_name" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="role_id" class="form-label">Role</label>
            <select class="form-select" id="role_id" name="role_id" required>
                @foreach ($roles as $role)
                <option value="{{ $role->role_id }}">{{ $role->role_name }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Create User</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

edit.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Edit User</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('users.update', $user) }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        @method('PUT')
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="username" class="form-label">Username</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" name="username" value="{{ $user->username }}" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="password_hash" class="form-label">Password</label>
            <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password_hash" name="password_hash" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="email" class="form-label">Email</label>
            <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" name="email" value="{{ $user->email }}" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="first_name" class="form-label">First Name</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="first_name" name="first_name" value="{{ $user->first_name }}" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="last_name" class="form-label">Last Name</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="last_name" name="last_name" value="{{ $user->last_name }}" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="role_id" class="form-label">Role</label>
            <select class="form-select" id="role_id" name="role_id" required>
                @foreach ($roles as $role)
                <option value="{{ $role->role_id }}" {{ $role->role_id == $user->role_id ? 'selected' : '' }}>{{ $role->role_name }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-warning">Update User</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

show.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>User Details</h1>
    <p><strong>User ID:</strong> {{ $user->user_id }}</p>
    <p><strong>Username:</strong> {{ $user->username }}</p>
    <p><strong>Email:</strong> {{ $user->email }}</p>
    <p><strong>First Name:</strong> {{ $user->first_name }}</p>
    <p><strong>Last Name:</strong> {{ $user->last_name }}</p>
    <p><strong>Role:</strong> {{ $user->role->role_name }}</p>
    <a href="{{ route('users.edit', $user) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
    <a href="{{ route('users.index') }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back to Users</a>
</div>
@endsection

2. Roles

index.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Roles</h1>
    <a href="{{ route('roles.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary mb-3">Create Role</a>
    <table class="table">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Role ID</th>
                <th>Role Name</th>
                <th>Actions</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            @foreach ($roles as $role)
            <tr>
                <td>{{ $role->role_id }}</td>
                <td>{{ $role->role_name }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="{{ route('roles.show', $role) }}" class="btn btn-info">View</a>
                    <a href="{{ route('roles.edit', $role) }}" class="btn btn -warning">Edit</a>
                    <form action="{{ route('roles.destroy', $role) }}" method="POST" style="display:inline;">
                        @csrf
                        @method('DELETE')
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">Delete</button>
                    </form>
                </td>
            </tr>
            @endforeach
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
@endsection

create.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Create Role</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('roles.store') }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="role_name" class="form-label">Role Name</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="role_name" name="role_name" required>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Create Role</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

edit.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Edit Role</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('roles.update', $role) }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        @method('PUT')
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="role_name" class="form-label">Role Name</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="role_name" name="role_name" value="{{ $role->role_name }}" required>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-warning">Update Role</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

show.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Role Details</h1>
    <p><strong>Role ID:</strong> {{ $role->role_id }}</p>
    <p><strong>Role Name:</strong> {{ $role->role_name }}</p>
    <a href="{{ route('roles.edit', $role) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
    <a href="{{ route('roles.index') }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back to Roles</a>
</div>
@endsection

3. Items

index.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Items</h1>
    <a href="{{ route('items.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary mb-3">Create Item</a>
    <table class="table">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Item ID</th>
                <th>Item Name</th>
                <th>Starting Price</th>
                <th>Actions</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            @foreach ($items as $item)
            <tr>
                <td>{{ $item->item_id }}</td>
                <td>{{ $item->item_name }}</td>
                <td>{{ $item->starting_price }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="{{ route('items.show', $item) }}" class="btn btn-info">View</a>
                    <a href="{{ route('items.edit', $item) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
                    <form action="{{ route('items.destroy', $item) }}" method="POST" style="display:inline;">
                        @csrf
                        @method('DELETE')
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">Delete</button>
                    </form>
                </td>
            </tr>
            @endforeach
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
@endsection

create.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Create Item</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('items.store') }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="item_name" class="form-label">Item Name</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="item_name" name="item_name" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="description" class="form-label">Description</label>
            <textarea class="form-control" id="description" name="description"></textarea>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="starting_price" class="form-label">Starting Price</label>
            <input type="number" class="form-control" id="starting_price" name="starting_price" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="auction_id" class="form-label">Auction</label>
            <select class="form-select" id="auction_id" name="auction_id" required>
                @foreach ($auctions as $auction)
                <option value="{{ $auction->auction_id }}">{{ $auction->auction_title }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="created_by" class="form-label">Created By</label>
            <select class="form-select" id="created_by" name="created_by" required>
                @foreach ($users as $user)
                <option value="{{ $user->user_id }}">{{ $user->username }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Create Item</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

edit.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Edit Item</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('items.update', $item) }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        @method('PUT')
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="item_name" class="form-label">Item Name</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="item_name" name="item_name" value="{{ $item->item_name }}" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="description" class="form-label">Description</label>
            <textarea class="form-control" id="description" name="description">{{ $item->description }}</textarea>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="starting_price" class="form-label">Starting Price</label>
            <input type="number" class="form-control" id="starting_price" name="starting_price" value="{{ $item->starting_price }}" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="auction_id" class="form-label">Auction</label>
            <select class="form-select" id="auction_id" name="auction_id" required>
                @foreach ($auctions as $auction)
                <option value="{{ $auction->auction_id }}" {{ $auction->auction_id == $item->auction_id ? 'selected' : '' }}>{{ $auction->auction_title }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="created_by" class="form-label">Created By</label>
            <select class="form-select" id="created_by" name="created_by" required>
                @foreach ($users as $user)
                <option value="{{ $user->user_id }}" {{ $user->user_id == $item->created_by ? 'selected' : '' }}>{{ $user->username }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-warning">Update Item</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

show.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Item Details</h1>
    <p><strong>Item ID:</strong> {{ $item->item_id }}</p>
    <p><strong>Item Name:</strong> {{ $item->item_name }}</p>
    <p><strong>Description:</strong> {{ $item->description }}</p>
    <p><strong>Starting Price:</strong> {{ $item->starting_price }}</p>
    <p><strong>Auction:</strong> {{ $item->auction->auction_title }}</p>
    <p><strong>Created By:</strong> {{ $item->creator->username }}</p>
    <a href="{{ route('items.edit', $item) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
    <a href="{{ route('items.index') }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back to Items</a>
</div>
@endsection

4. Bids

index.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Bids</h1>
    <a href="{{ route('bids.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary mb-3">Create Bid</a>
    <table class="table">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Bid ID</th>
                <th>Item</th>
                <th>User</th>
                <th>Bid Amount</th>
                <th>Actions</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            @foreach ($bids as $bid)
            <tr>
                <td>{{ $bid->bid_id }}</td>
                <td>{{ $bid->item->item_name }}</td>
                <td>{{ $bid->user->username }}</td>
                <td>{{ $bid->bid_amount }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="{{ route('bids.show', $bid) }}" class="btn btn-info">View</a>
                    <a href="{{ route('bids.edit', $bid) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
                    <form action="{{ route('bids.destroy', $bid) }}" method="POST" style="display:inline;">
                        @csrf
                        @method('DELETE')
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">Delete</button>
                    </form>
                </td>
            </tr>
            @endforeach
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
@endsection

create.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Create Bid</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('bids.store') }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="item_id" class="form-label">Item</label>
            <select class="form-select" id="item_id" name="item_id" required>
                @foreach ($items as $item)
                <option value="{{ $item->item_id }}">{{ $item->item_name }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="user_id" class="form-label">User </label>
            <select class="form-select" id="user_id" name="user_id" required>
                @foreach ($users as $user)
                <option value="{{ $user->user_id }}">{{ $user->username }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="bid_amount" class="form-label">Bid Amount</label>
            <input type="number" class="form-control" id="bid_amount" name="bid_amount" required>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Create Bid</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

edit.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Edit Bid</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('bids.update', $bid) }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        @method('PUT')
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="item_id" class="form-label">Item</label>
            <select class="form-select" id="item_id" name="item_id" required>
                @foreach ($items as $item)
                <option value="{{ $item->item_id }}" {{ $item->item_id == $bid->item_id ? 'selected' : '' }}>{{ $item->item_name }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="user_id" class="form-label">User </label>
            <select class="form-select" id="user_id" name="user_id" required>
                @foreach ($users as $user)
                <option value="{{ $user->user_id }}" {{ $user->user_id == $bid->user_id ? 'selected' : '' }}>{{ $user->username }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="bid_amount" class="form-label">Bid Amount</label>
            <input type="number" class="form-control" id="bid_amount" name="bid_amount" value="{{ $bid->bid_amount }}" required>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-warning">Update Bid</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

show.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Bid Details</h1>
    <p><strong>Bid ID:</strong> {{ $bid->bid_id }}</p>
    <p><strong>Item:</strong> {{ $bid->item->item_name }}</p>
    <p><strong>User:</strong> {{ $bid->user->username }}</p>
    <p><strong>Bid Amount:</strong> {{ $bid->bid_amount }}</p>
    <a href="{{ route('bids.edit', $bid) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
    <a href="{{ route(' bids.index') }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back to Bids</a>
</div>
@endsection

5. Payments

index.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Payments</h1>
    <a href="{{ route('payments.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary mb-3">Create Payment</a>
    <table class="table">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Payment ID</th>
                <th>User</th>
                <th>Item</th>
                <th>Payment Amount</th>
                <th>Actions</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            @foreach ($payments as $payment)
            <tr>
                <td>{{ $payment->payment_id }}</td>
                <td>{{ $payment->user->username }}</td>
                <td>{{ $payment->item->item_name }}</td>
                <td>{{ $payment->payment_amount }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="{{ route('payments.show', $payment) }}" class="btn btn-info">View</a>
                    <a href="{{ route('payments.edit', $payment) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
                    <form action="{{ route('payments.destroy', $payment) }}" method="POST" style="display:inline;">
                        @csrf
                        @method('DELETE')
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">Delete</button>
                    </form>
                </td>
            </tr>
            @endforeach
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
@endsection

create.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Create Payment</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('payments.store') }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="user_id" class="form-label">User </label>
            <select class="form-select" id="user_id" name="user_id" required>
                @foreach ($users as $user)
                <option value="{{ $user->user_id }}">{{ $user->username }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="item_id" class="form-label">Item</label>
            <select class="form-select" id="item_id" name="item_id" required>
                @foreach ($items as $item)
                <option value="{{ $item->item_id }}">{{ $item->item_name }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="payment_amount" class="form-label">Payment Amount</label>
            <input type="number" class="form-control" id="payment_amount" name="payment_amount" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="payment_status" class="form-label">Payment Status</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="payment_status" name="payment_status" required>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Create Payment</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

edit.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Edit Payment</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('payments.update', $payment) }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        @method('PUT')
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="user_id" class="form-label">User </label>
            <select class="form-select" id="user_id" name="user_id" required>
                @foreach ($users as $user)
                <option value="{{ $user->user_id }}" {{ $user->user_id == $payment->user_id ? 'selected' : '' }}>{{ $user->username }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="item_id" class="form-label">Item</label>
            <select class="form-select" id="item_id" name="item_id" required>
                @foreach ($items as $item)
                <option value="{{ $item->item_id }}" {{ $item->item_id == $payment->item_id ? 'selected' : '' }}>{{ $item->item_name }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="payment_amount" class="form-label">Payment Amount</label>
            <input type="number" class=" form-control" id="payment_amount" name="payment_amount" value="{{ $payment->payment_amount }}" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="payment_status" class="form-label">Payment Status</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="payment_status" name="payment_status" value="{{ $payment->payment_status }}" required>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-warning">Update Payment</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

show.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Payment Details</h1>
    <p><strong>Payment ID:</strong> {{ $payment->payment_id }}</p>
    <p><strong>User:</strong> {{ $payment->user->username }}</p>
    <p><strong>Item:</strong> {{ $payment->item->item_name }}</p>
    <p><strong>Payment Amount:</strong> {{ $payment->payment_amount }}</p>
    <p><strong>Payment Status:</strong> {{ $payment->payment_status }}</p>
    <a href="{{ route('payments.edit', $payment) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
    <a href="{{ route('payments.index') }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back to Payments</a>
</div>
@endsection

6. Auctions

index.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Auctions</h1>
    <a href="{{ route('auctions.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary mb-3">Create Auction</a>
    <table class="table">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Auction ID</th>
                <th>Auction Title</th>
                <th>Start Date</th>
                <th>End Date</th>
                <th>Actions</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            @foreach ($auctions as $auction)
            <tr>
                <td>{{ $auction->auction_id }}</td>
                <td>{{ $auction->auction_title }}</td>
                <td>{{ $auction->start_date }}</td>
                <td>{{ $auction->end_date }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="{{ route('auctions.show', $auction) }}" class="btn btn-info">View</a>
                    <a href="{{ route('auctions.edit', $auction) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
                    <form action="{{ route('auctions.destroy', $auction) }}" method="POST" style="display:inline;">
                        @csrf
                        @method('DELETE')
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">Delete</button>
                    </form>
                </td>
            </tr>
            @endforeach
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
@endsection

create.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Create Auction</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('auctions.store') }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="auction_title" class="form-label">Auction Title</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="auction_title" name="auction_title" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="auction_type_id" class="form-label">Auction Type</label>
            <select class="form-select" id="auction_type_id" name="auction_type_id" required>
                @foreach ($auctionTypes as $auctionType)
                <option value="{{ $auctionType->auction_type_id }}">{{ $auctionType->type_name }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="start_date" class="form-label">Start Date</label>
            <input type="date" class="form-control" id="start_date" name="start_date" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="end_date" class="form-label">End Date</label>
            <input type="date" class="form-control" id="end_date" name="end_date" required>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Create Auction</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

edit.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Edit Auction</h1>
    <form action="{{ route(' auctions.update', $auction) }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        @method('PUT')
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="auction_title" class="form-label">Auction Title</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="auction_title" name="auction_title" value="{{ $auction->auction_title }}" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="auction_type_id" class="form-label">Auction Type</label>
            <select class="form-select" id="auction_type_id" name="auction_type_id" required>
                @foreach ($auctionTypes as $auctionType)
                <option value="{{ $auctionType->auction_type_id }}" {{ $auctionType->auction_type_id == $auction->auction_type_id ? 'selected' : '' }}>{{ $auctionType->type_name }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="start_date" class="form-label">Start Date</label>
            <input type="date" class="form-control" id="start_date" name="start_date" value="{{ $auction->start_date }}" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="end_date" class="form-label">End Date</label>
            <input type="date" class="form-control" id="end_date" name="end_date" value="{{ $auction->end_date }}" required>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-warning">Update Auction</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

show.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Auction Details</h1>
    <p><strong>Auction ID:</strong> {{ $auction->auction_id }}</p>
    <p><strong>Auction Title:</strong> {{ $auction->auction_title }}</p>
    <p><strong>Auction Type:</strong> {{ $auction->auctionType->type_name }}</p>
    <p><strong>Start Date:</strong> {{ $auction->start_date }}</p>
    <p><strong>End Date:</strong> {{ $auction->end_date }}</p>
    <a href="{{ route('auctions.edit', $auction) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
    <a href="{{ route('auctions.index') }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back to Auctions</a>
</div>
@endsection

7. Auction Types

index.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Auction Types</h1>
    <a href="{{ route('auction_types.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary mb-3">Create Auction Type</a>
    <table class="table">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Auction Type ID</th>
                <th>Type Name</th>
                <th>Actions</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            @foreach ($auctionTypes as $auctionType)
            <tr>
                <td>{{ $auctionType->auction_type_id }}</td>
                <td>{{ $auctionType->type_name }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="{{ route('auction_types.show', $auctionType) }}" class="btn btn-info">View</a>
                    <a href="{{ route('auction_types.edit', $auctionType) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
                    <form action="{{ route('auction_types.destroy', $auctionType) }}" method="POST" style="display:inline;">
                        @csrf
                        @method('DELETE')
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">Delete</button>
                    </form>
                </td>
            </tr>
            @endforeach
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
@endsection

create.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Create Auction Type</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('auction_types.store') }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="type_name" class="form-label">Type Name</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="type_name" name="type_name" required>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Create Auction Type</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

edit.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">    
    <h1>Edit Auction Type</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('auction_types.update', $auctionType) }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        @method('PUT')
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="type_name" class="form-label">Type Name</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="type_name" name="type_name" value="{{ $auctionType->type_name }}" required>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-warning">Update Auction Type</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

show.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Auction Type Details</h1>
    <p><strong>Auction Type ID:</strong> {{ $auctionType->auction_type_id }}</p>
    <p><strong>Type Name:</strong> {{ $auctionType->type_name }}</p>
    <a href="{{ route('auction_types.edit', $auctionType) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
    <a href="{{ route('auction_types.index') }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back to Auction Types</a>
</div>
@endsection

8. Reports

index.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Reports</h1>
    <a href="{{ route('reports.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary mb-3">Create Report</a>
    <table class="table">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Report ID</th>
                <th>User</th>
                <th>Report Date</th>
                <th>Actions</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            @foreach ($reports as $report)
            <tr>
                <td>{{ $report->report_id }}</td>
                <td>{{ $report->user->username }}</td>
                <td>{{ $report->report_date }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="{{ route('reports.show', $report) }}" class="btn btn-info">View</a>
                    <a href="{{ route('reports.edit', $report) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
                    <form action="{{ route('reports.destroy', $report) }}" method="POST" style="display:inline;">
                        @csrf
                        @method('DELETE')
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">Delete</button>
                    </form>
                </td>
            </tr>
            @endforeach
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
@endsection

create.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Create Report</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('reports.store') }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="user_id" class="form-label">User </label>
            <select class="form-select" id="user_id" name="user_id" required>
                @foreach ($users as $user)
                <option value="{{ $user->user_id }}">{{ $user->username }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="report_date" class="form-label">Report Date</label>
            <input type="date" class="form-control" id="report_date" name="report_date" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="report_content" class="form-label">Report Content</label>
            <textarea class="form-control" id="report_content" name="report_content"></textarea>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Create Report</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

edit.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Edit Report</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('reports.update', $report) }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        @method('PUT')
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="user_id" class="form-label">User </label>
            <select class="form-select" id="user_id" name="user_id" required>
                @foreach ($users as $user)
                <option value="{{ $user->user_id }}" {{ $user->user_id == $report->user_id ? 'selected' : '' }}>{{ $user->username }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>        
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="report_date" class="form-label">Report Date</label>
            <input type="date" class="form-control" id="report_date" name="report_date" value="{{ $report->report_date }}" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="report_content" class="form-label">Report Content</label>
            <textarea class="form-control" id="report_content" name="report_content">{{ $report->report_content }}</textarea>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-warning">Update Report</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

show.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Report Details</h1>
    <p><strong>Report ID:</strong> {{ $report->report_id }}</p>
    <p><strong>User:</strong> {{ $report->user->username }}</p>
    <p><strong>Report Date:</strong> {{ $report->report_date }}</p>
    <p><strong>Report Content:</strong> {{ $report->report_content }}</p>
    <a href="{{ route('reports.edit', $report) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
    <a href="{{ route('reports.index') }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back to Reports</a>
</div>
@endsection

9. Feedback

index.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Feedback</h1>
    <a href="{{ route('feedback.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary mb-3">Create Feedback</a>
    <table class="table">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Feedback ID</th>
                <th>User</th>
                <th>Feedback Content</th>
                <th>Actions</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            @foreach ($feedbacks as $feedback)
            <tr>
                <td>{{ $feedback->feedback_id }}</td>
                <td>{{ $feedback->user->username }}</td>
                <td>{{ $feedback->feedback_content }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="{{ route('feedback.show', $feedback) }}" class="btn btn-info">View</a>
                    <a href="{{ route('feedback.edit', $feedback) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
                    <form action="{{ route('feedback.destroy', $feedback) }}" method="POST" style="display:inline;">
                        @csrf
                        @method('DELETE')
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">Delete</button>
                    </form>
                </td>
            </tr>
            @endforeach
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
@endsection

create.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Create Feedback</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('feedback.store') }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="user_id" class="form-label">User  </label>
            <select class="form-select" id="user_id" name="user_id" required>
                @foreach ($users as $user)
                <option value="{{ $user->user_id }}">{{ $user->username }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="feedback_content" class="form-label">Feedback Content</label>
            <textarea class="form-control" id="feedback_content" name="feedback_content" required></textarea>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Create Feedback</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

edit.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Edit Feedback</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('feedback.update', $feedback) }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        @method('PUT')
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="user_id" class="form-label">User  </label>
            <select class="form-select" id="user_id" name="user_id" required>
                @foreach ($users as $user)
                <option value="{{ $user->user_id }}" {{ $user->user_id == $feedback->user_id ? 'selected' : '' }}>{{ $user->username }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">            
            <label for="feedback_content" class="form-label">Feedback Content</label>
            <textarea class="form-control" id="feedback_content" name="feedback_content" required>{{ $feedback->feedback_content }}</textarea>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-warning">Update Feedback</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

show.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Feedback Details</h1>
    <p><strong>Feedback ID:</strong> {{ $feedback->feedback_id }}</p>
    <p><strong>User:</strong> {{ $feedback->user->username }}</p>
    <p><strong>Feedback Content:</strong> {{ $feedback->feedback_content }}</p>
    <a href="{{ route('feedback.edit', $feedback) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
    <a href="{{ route('feedback.index') }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back to Feedback</a>
</div>
@endsection

10. Notifications

index.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Notifications</h1>
    <a href="{{ route('notifications.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary mb-3">Create Notification</a>
    <table class="table">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Notification ID</th>
                <th>User</th>
                <th>Message</th>
                <th>Is Read</th>
                <th>Actions</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            @foreach ($notifications as $notification)
            <tr>
                <td>{{ $notification->notification_id }}</td>
                <td>{{ $notification->user->username }}</td>
                <td>{{ $notification->message }}</td>
                <td>{{ $notification->is_read ? 'Yes' : 'No' }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="{{ route('notifications.show', $notification) }}" class="btn btn-info">View</a>
                    <a href="{{ route('notifications.edit', $notification) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
                    <form action="{{ route('notifications.destroy', $notification) }}" method="POST" style="display:inline;">
                        @csrf
                        @method('DELETE')
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">Delete</button>
                    </form>
                </td>
            </tr>
            @endforeach
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
@endsection

create.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Create Notification</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('notifications.store') }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="user_id" class="form-label">User  </label>
            <select class="form-select" id="user_id" name="user_id" required>
                @foreach ($users as $user)
                <option value="{{ $user->user_id }}">{{ $user->username }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="message" class="form-label">Message</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="message" name="message" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="is_read" class="form-label">Is Read</label>
            <select class="form-select" id="is_read" name="is_read" required>
                <option value="1">Yes</option>
                <option value="0">No</option>
            </select>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Create Notification</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

edit.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Edit Notification</h1>
    <form action="{{ route('notifications.update', $notification) }}" method="POST">
        @csrf
        @method('PUT')
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="user_id" class="form-label">User  </label>
            <select class="form-select" id="user_id" name="user_id" required>
                @foreach ($users as $user)
                <option value="{{ $user->user_id }}" {{ $user->user_id == $notification->user_id ? 'selected' : '' }}>{{ $user->username }}</option>
                @endforeach
            </select>
        </div>
        
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="message" class="form-label">Message</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="message" name="message" value="{{ $notification->message }}" required>
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
            <label for="is_read" class="form-label">Is Read</label>
            <select class="form-select" id="is_read" name="is_read" required>
                <option value="1" {{ $notification->is_read ? 'selected' : '' }}>Yes</option>
                <option value="0" {{ !$notification->is_read ? 'selected' : '' }}>No</option>
            </select>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-warning">Update Notification</button>
    </form>
</div>
@endsection

show.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Notification Details</h1>
    <p><strong>Notification ID:</strong> {{ $notification->notification_id }}</p>
    <p><strong>User:</strong> {{ $notification->user->username }}</p>
    <p><strong>Message:</strong> {{ $notification->message }}</p>
    <p><strong>Is Read:</strong> {{ $notification->is_read ? 'Yes' : 'No' }}</p>
    <a href="{{ route('notifications.edit', $notification) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
    <a href="{{ route('notifications.index') }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back to Notifications</a>
</div>
@endsection

Creating a layout file in Laravel allows you to define a common structure for your views, which can include headers, footers, and navigation menus.

This helps maintain consistency across your application. Below is an example of a layout file using Bootstrap 5.

Step 1: Create the Layout File

Create a new file named app.blade.php in the resources/views/layouts directory. If the layouts directory does not exist, you can create it.

File Path: resources/views/layouts/app.blade.php

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <title>@yield('title', 'My Application')</title>
        <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ asset('css/app.css') }}"> <!-- Optional custom CSS -->
    </head>
    <body>
        <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
            <div class="container-fluid">
                <a class="navbar-brand" href="{{ url('/') }}">My Application</a>
                <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
                    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
                </button>
                <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav">
                    <ul class="navbar-nav">
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('users.index') }}">Users</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('roles.index') }}">Roles</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('items.index') }}">Items</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('bids.index') }}">Bids</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('payments.index') }}">Payments</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('auctions.index') }}">Auctions</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('auction_types.index') }}">Auction Types</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('reports.index') }}">Reports</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('feedback.index') }}">Feedback</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('notifications.index') }}">Notifications</a>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </nav>
        <div class="container mt-4">
            @yield('content')
        </div>
        <footer class="bg-light text-center text-lg-start mt-4">
            <div class="text-center p-3">
                © 2023 My Application
            </div>
        </footer>
        <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha1/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
    </body>
    </html>

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('title', 'Users')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Users</h1>
    <a href="{{ route('users.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary mb-3">Create User</a>
 <table class="table">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>User ID</th>
                <th>Username</th>
                <th>Email</th>
                <th>Actions</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            @foreach ($users as $user)
            <tr>
                <td>{{ $user->user_id }}</td>
                <td>{{ $user->username }}</td>
                <td>{{ $user->email }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="{{ route('users.show', $user) }}" class="btn btn-info">View</a>
                    <a href="{{ route('users.edit', $user) }}" class="btn btn-warning">Edit</a>
                    <form action="{{ route('users.destroy', $user) }}" method="POST" style="display:inline;">
                        @csrf
                        @method('DELETE')
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">Delete</button>
                    </form>
                </td>
            </tr>
            @endforeach
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
@endsection

How To Build Different Dashboards For Different Roles In Laravel

To create a dashboard page in Laravel for displaying consolidated project data, you should start by setting up a route and a controller method to fetch the necessary data. Then, create a view that utilizes a layout file to present the data in a user-friendly manner. Consider using libraries like Chart.js for visualizations and ensure your dashboard is responsive.

Step 1: Define the Route

In your web.php file, define a route for the dashboard:

    Route::get('/dashboard', [DashboardController::class, 'index'])->name('dashboard');

Step 2: Create the Dashboard Controller

Generate a controller if you haven't already:

    php artisan make:controller DashboardController

In the DashboardController, fetch the necessary data:

    
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Models\User;
use App\Models\Project;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class DashboardController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $totalUsers = User::count();
        $totalProjects = Project::count();
        $activeProjects = Project::where('status', 'active')->count();
        $completedProjects = Project::where('status', 'completed')->count();
        return view('dashboard.index', compact('totalUsers', 'totalProjects', 'activeProjects', 'completedProjects'));
    }
}

Step 3: Create the Dashboard View

Create a new view file at resources/views/dashboard/index.blade.php:

@extends('layouts.app')
@section('title', 'Dashboard')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <h1>Dashboard</h1>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-3">
            <div class="card text-white bg-primary mb-3">
                <div class="card-header">Total Users</div>
                <div class="card-body">
                    <h5 class="card-title">{{ $totalUsers }}</h5>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-3">
            <div class="card text-white bg-success mb-3">
                <div class="card-header">Total Projects</div>
                <div class="card-body">
                    <h5 class="card-title">{{ $totalProjects }}</h5>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-3">
            <div class="card text-white bg-warning mb-3">
                <div class="card-header">Active Projects</div>
                <div class="card-body">
                    <h5 class="card-title">{{ $activeProjects }}</h5>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-3">
            <div class="card text-white bg-danger mb-3">
                <div class="card-header">Completed Projects</div>
                <div class="card-body">
                    <h5 class="card-title">{{ $completedProjects }}</h5>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
@endsection

Step 4: Add CSS for Styling (Optional)

You can add custom styles in your public/css/app.css to enhance the appearance of the dashboard cards.

Step 5: Test the Dashboard

Run your Laravel application:

php artisan serve

Navigate to http://localhost:800 0/dashboard to view your dashboard with consolidated project data.